- Linuxers - lists.fsci.in

Memory problems [was: Pls suggest some lightweight desktop]
by Sameer D. Sahasrabuddhe 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Philip wrote: >Add free buffers to free memory to get actual values. Therefore, your >free is 32, not 1. This makes sense. The kernel allocates all free >memory to buffers and cache, because there's no sense in leaving it >unused. If you have 32 MB free memory, then what was the point in >buying it? When any program requires memory, it will be allocated from >the buffers. As long as the swap is practically empty, your system is making optimum use of the memory ... the more physical RAM that you throw at the system, the more it is going to fill it up with stuff hoping to make optimum use of available resources. If the RAM is inadequate, one strategy the system will use is to cut back on the amount of memory allocated to processes, by loading lesser number of pages from each process. It all has to do with virtual memory management ... SameerDS. _________________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com

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India's contribution to Linux
by Srikanth R P 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Dear Friends, This is Srikanth RP from Express Computer, an IT business news magazine from the Indian Express group. As I am planning an article on 'India's contribution to Linux', I would like your views on the same. Please spare some time to answer the following questions. 1. Why do you think Linux is important to India? 2. Have Indians contributed to the growth of Linux? Can you mention some names or examples? Have any Indians contributed to the development of the Kernel? 3. What do you think about the Linux movement in India? What is the current scenario? Why companies like IBM are keen on promoting Linux? 4. Has the Indian government showing a keen interest in Linux ? Can you mention some names and examples? 5. Do you know of any companies in India who have developed applications for the Linux platform? 6. What do you think should be done to promote the growth of Linux in India? Thanks and regards, Srikanth RP Reporter Express Computer Srikanth RP ____________________________________________________ Buy Feng Shui Package for Rs. 151/- only, at http://shopping.rediff.com/shopping/fengshui_mailer.htm

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lpr
by Raju Bathija 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Hi, Can someone suggest a solution for this lpr problem. When lpr command is given, lpq gives the following error message: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ no space on remote; waiting for queue to drain ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The machine through which the printer is connected is using Red Hat 7.0 and uses LPRing and the machine from where print command is given uses Red Hat 6.1 and uses lpr. Both the machines have more than 100 MB space free in / partition. The printing used to work fine a few days ago. Thanks. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Raju Bathija | bathija(a)tifr.res.in | http://theory.tifr.res.in/~bathija -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linux, the choice | Clay's Conclusion: Creativity is great, of a GNU generation -o) | but plagiarism is faster. Kernel 2.2.14-5. /\ | on a i686 _\_v | |

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Sendmail conf problems
by Dasi Satish 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Dear Linuxers, Please help me out with this. I have configured Sendmail as my mail server and have also installed imap. My problem is that i am able to send mail from my mail clients like Messenger but my incoming mail is handled by the linux system not my mail client. Please tell me as to how to disable this so that my Mail Clients are able to send and receive mail. Thanx in advance. Satish

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Re: Re: [ILUG-BOM] help for linux beginer
by Nikhil Karkera 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

------------- Original Message -------------- "Navin" <navin_dhanuka(a)yahoo.com> wrote: The Unix Programming Environment - Kernighan & Pike.. Shell Programming.. - Kanetkar.. The second book must be available on every leading computer book shop. The first book is the best book & can be said as an authority for Newbees. Around 360 pages, but its rare, so you can xerox it from me (if u want). Xeroxing at Mitibai costs 0.25 @page so it 90/- & for spiral binding 25/-. ----------------- End ------------------------ I believe Xerox copying of (most) books is illegal. I know this is not an issue for GNU/Linux, but I guess its similar. There are laws about copying and distributing books. We've all copied books from friends at some point, but atleast let's not make it seem to be ok on a public list. And I guess the authors of the concerned book deserve the royalties anyway, if it indeed is such a good book :) Regards, Nikhil. ____________________________________________________ http://www.monsterindia.com - The Best Jobs. For the Best Minds.

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Re: Philip/Quasi/Link of articles
by Triptpal Singh Lamba 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Why increase the size of the digest/mails .. Could Philip pls. give us a link instead , unless I am not seeing some point he thought of. btw, neat idea Philip ...pls keep up the good work,helps newbies like me Regards, Triptpal Singh There is no chance, no fate, no destiny that can circumvent, or hinder, or control a firm resolve of a determined soul. ----- Original Message ----- > Message: 1 > Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 11:40:53 +0530 > To: <linuxers(a)mm.ilug-bom.org.in> > From: Q u a s i <quasiabhi(a)yahoo.com> > Subject: [ILUG-BOM] Sgtn: Pine Tutorials > Reply-To: linuxers(a)mm.ilug-bom.org.in > > It might be a good Idea to put up the pine tutorials by Philip on the > (G/L)UG site for future reference, wouldn't it? > > quasi > > -- postscript -- > > Math is like love -- a simple idea but it can get complicated. > -- R. Drabek > _________________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com

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Problems with Kernel 2.4
by Paresh Chodpekar 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

I am using Suse Linux 7.1, it has two precompiled kernels ie 2.2.18 & 2.4. During the installation I had installed both the kernels. Now I am able to boot correctly using the 2.2.18 kernel. However when i try to boot using the 2.4 kernel i always have some kind of problems. The problem usually arises at the last stage. The system boots correctly and the graphical login is displayed. But after login the system either sys it cannot setup IPC or the xserver crashes & i am returned to the login. The login works correctly in X (so i suppose there is no problen with the xserver). Please do provide a simple answer to my problem. I am still a bigenner with linux. ( I guess there is some probelm in the precompiled kernel. Can i use the 2.4.6 kernel proveided in he last PCQ cd ?) Thanx in advance Paresh C

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L in inlux is not for the Pound Sign
by Anand 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Hello mayuresh, I believe you are asking the wrong question at the wong place. This is not M$ world. The software is given for fukat(free) and the support is only charged. the user has a right to modify the original program and redistribute it. This is linux. please do not change the L to Pound sign. Anand Original message from mayuresh follows.... how do s/w vendors ensure that a customer who buys a CD can use it to install the s/w only on his computer and if he takes a CD dump, the second CD will be of no use to anybody else? i guess there must be many techniques to do that but which one is used frequently? thanks a lot.. mayuresh kulkarni

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Free Software & Open Source Software
by sandeep 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Free Software: Here's part o' my paper that I will publish soon that might help clear up the "issue" some people have with the "freedom" that GPL provides : start-------------------------------------------- excerpt from "Copyleft Sucks" by Sandeep Copyright (C) 2001 Sandeep, Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided the copyright notice and this notice are preserved. --snip-- Freedom to me is the ability to make choices and to carry them out, but in a social environment, freedom requires a legal and institutional framework. Here is the paradox, on the one hand for a person to have complete freedom, he must be able to make choices and carry them out without being controlled by anyone else, but on the other hand, in a social setting, one persons choices affect another and hence, in a free society, we need laws to distribute the condition of freedom equally among all the people. Therefore, from a legal point of view, people are free if society imposes no unjust limits on them and also protects their rights. That is, the law both limits and protects the freedom of an individual. For example, it forbids people to steal from others, but it also guarantees that people will be free from being robbed. --snip-- end--------------------------------------------- This is exaclty how the GNU GPL functions. It is not totally free of constraints but these restrictions r very nessecary -they limit but only to protect. Sandeep --- "The only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good, in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it." ---John Stuart Mill ___________________________________________________________________ *FREE* Web-based Email Accounts at BOX.COM - http://www.box.com/?i=2 Access Your Email from ANYWHERE!

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Sgtn: Pine Tutorials
by Q u a s i 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

It might be a good Idea to put up the pine tutorials by Philip on the (G/L)UG site for future reference, wouldn't it? quasi -- postscript -- Math is like love -- a simple idea but it can get complicated. -- R. Drabek __________________________________________________ \?/ .Quasi. (0-0) ( | ) <quasiabhi(a)yahoo.com> ( v ) yahoo messenger : quasiabhi __| |__ / \ Protect OUR Earth.

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Pine - III
by Philip S Tellis 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Making effective use of Pine - III ================================== In the last issue, we learnt how to use our address books to best effect. There's much more that you can do with your address book. You should experiment with the different menu options available in the address book screen. Use Ctrl+G for help on any screen. Even the help screen. Just for safety, you'd probably want to back up your address book before you fool around with options. I don't think you'd mess anything up, but even so, your address book is stored as two files in your home directory, aptly named .addressbook and .addressbook.lu, the latter being an index of your address book. Today, we'll look at the different configuration options, and set some of them to make the most out of pine. You'll have to get to the configuration screen for this. I think you know how. The first thing I generally do, is set the default-fcc to a blank value. I do this because I don't like to save sent mail. This is really a personal decision, so I'll let you make it. You could change the value if you want. Alternately, you could set a different sent-mail folder for each person that you send mail to. We saw this in the address book. We next go down to Composer Preferences. It makes sense to turn on search and replace. This is disabled by default, because it would only confuse novice users. This option changes the behaviour of the Ctrl+W key in compose mode from search, to search and replace. You should probab try a search and replace right now, just to see how it works. I'm not going to tell you. The next option I enable is sigdashes. Sigdashes are a special character sequence used to separate the mail from its signature. The sequence is "\n-- \n" without the quotes. For those of you who aren't programmers, this means the enter key, followed by two dashes, followed by a space, followed by the enter key again. I guess the big question on everybody's mind right now is, "Why do we need a fixed sequence for something as insignificant as this? Why can't everyone just decide how to do it on their own?". Valid questions, and here's the valid answer. Standards are good. By using a standard separator, mail clients can easily separate the body from the signature without the user's intervention. With sigdashes enabled, if you include the original message in your replies, pine will automatically strip everything from the sigdashes onwards. The advantage of this, is that your mail doesn't get cluttered with everyone else's signatures. The disadvantage, which should be obvious now is, what if one really wants to include the other person's signature? I think that is easily accomplished through copy-paste. The second thing that sigdashes does, is automatically include the sigdashes before your signature in all outgoing mail. This of course happens only if you have a signature. The next option I enable is quell-dead-letter-on-cancel. If you've ever cancelled a mail, you'll notice that it saves the cancelled mail as a file called dead-letter in your home directory. Often, this file is saved with permissions depending on your default umask (don't worry if you don't know what that means). If you have a non-restrictive umask, this could be saved with world readable permissions, which means anyone can read mail you've cancelled. Besides, it takes up disk space. Quelling it means that dead.letter won't be saved. The advantage is that you don't have to delete it everytime you quit pine. Next, we come to Reply Preferences. The only option that you really want to enable is signature-at-bottom. All this does, is to put your signature right at the bottom of the mail, even if you include the original message in your reply. The option after that - strip-from-sigdashes-on-reply basically does the first part of enable-sigdashes without doing the second. This only applies if you didn't select enable-sigdashes. In Sending Preferences, the only option I have is use-sender-not-x-sender. This makes your mail more standards compliant, but has little effect on anything else. You'll notice its positive effects only in rare cases, but I recommend turning it on anyway. The next block is where pine really shines above all other mail user agents. Folder preferences along with a few features give you amazing power to categorise your mails. The first two options go hand in hand. Combined-folder-display affects how folders show up in the folder list screen. By default, only collections are shown (eg: incoming folders, mail folders, newsgroups). Selecting one of these collections will show you all folders in that collection. If this is what you do everytime, you may want to enable it by default. The previous option, combined-subdirectory-display affects how subdirectories in folders are displayed. By default, they show up in a separate screen. Enabling this feature will allow them to show up in the same screen as all your other folders. The only problem you'll face with these options is that if your folder list exceeds one screenful, pine will take a few seconds to format the scrolling display. That's not too much of an issue for most people. We will also enable expanded-view-of-folders here. By default, pine will only expand one collection at a time. To have all your collections expanded, select this option. It allows you to see all your folders at a single glance. Finally, to avoid unnecessary clutter, we'll enable quell-empty-directories. This causes empty directorie to be hidden from the folder list. It doesn't delete the directory, but merely hides it from view. The last option I enable here is enable-incoming-folders. This is sort of an advanced option, and I'll deal with it later when we do incoming folders. We probably won't need to change address book settings, except maybe setting an expanded-view-of-distribution-lists. This will show us all addresses under the distribution list instead of just the name. The problem here is that it may take ages to actually scroll through your entire address book. In Message Index Preferences, I only have delete-skips-deleted enabled. This saves me the time of moving past deleted messages in the index, by jumping over a whole group of deleted messages at a time. When you try it, you'll know what I mean. In viewer preferences, I have almost all options enabled. Attachments, urls, web-hostnames and addresses. The first allows one to click (or press enter) on an attachment, and have that attachment shown in its default viewer. The second does that with urls (even in plain text email), and the third with web hostnames. Pine figures that anything starting with "www." is a web hostname, so you could get false hits with this. Addresses is for email addresses, or more correctly, anything with an @ in it. Selecting this item will send mail to the specified address. Pine by default doesn't handle anything other than email (and news), but it lets you specify any kind of viewer that you may want for each mime type. We'll see how to do this later. I would normally have enabled prefer-plain-text, but due to the proliferation of html mail these days, I chose not to. Most of the remaining commands in pine are advanced, so we'll handle them in a later section. For now, experiment with everything we've done today. Try enabling and disabling different features to see how it makes a difference. Read help on each of the features that you've changed. -- Economists state their GNP growth projections to the nearest tenth of a percentage point to prove they have a sense of humor. -- Edgar R. Fiedler Visit my webpage at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/ Read my writings at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/writings/ MSN philiptellis Yahoo! philiptellis

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Re:Re: [ILUG-BOM] Help Me
by Paresh Chopdekar 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

On Jul 12 Kinjal Sonpal wrote, >As mentioned in my earlier mail,u have to download the >driver >file from the motorola's site .. >Here's the URL: >http://e->www.motorola.com/products/softmodem/support/sm56_5.1_i38 >6.rpm > >And before downloading, don't forget to read the docs >that >they've put up on the above mentioned link's parent >page which is > >http://e->www.motorola.com/products/softmodem/support/software.htm >l > >So,after u download the RPM file install the file using >(Log in >as root) > >$ rpm -Uvh sm56.rpm (Replace sm56.rpm with >whichever file u've >downloaded) >$ /usr/local/sm56 >$ reboot (I'm not very sure why we need reboot,but it >din't work >for me .. I had to reboot) > >They've also got a man page for the modem which u can >read by >typing > >$ man sm56 > >And voila! yr SM56 Internal modem is ready !! >As of now I'm using SuSE 7.1(Thanks to Navin for >giving me the >CDs) and the above mentioned procedure worked for >me .. >However it failed in Caldera OpenLinux 2.3 .. May be >the older >kernel was the problem .. First of all thanks for the soulution to my problem. But I would like to ask what kernel vewrsion are you using? I tried to use the 2.4 version but found it very problematic. Is the 2.4 version shipped with Suse Linux 7.1 good enough for you? I actually went back to use the 2.2.18 kernal. About the driver from the motorola site i tried it out. It looks good, but does it work with 2.2.18 kernel? And about the Roltanet connection , >Is there anyone one the lug who is using RoltaNet's >dialup net >services? I've been facing problems in connecting to the >RoltaNet >.. >The logs say that I can connect to their server but then >while >logging on to the network, the connection hangs ,, And it >even >blocks my internal modem,i.e. I can't even kill the >connection .. >If anyone was successful in setting up dialup connection >to the >RoltaNet then please help me .. >Connection to the VSNL dialup connection is absolutely >fine and >to my surprise it's much faster than what I used to get >with >Windows !! I use Roltanet in windows, but due to my modem not yet working in linux i have not been able to connect in linux. Please do tell me how you did it in linux? And about the speed differences in win & lin it may well be due to better implementation of the TCP/IP in linux than in Windows. Bye for now

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Newbie needs help
by Deepak Kashyap 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Hi everyone I have installed linux from PCQ CD it's based on redhat 7.1 Now my problem When I start my netscape prowser on linux box It is unable to open the localhost whose domainname is loaclhost.localdomain I am able to http:// to my win machine running PWS but not telnet http:// or ftp to linux box How do I do this.. Do I need to install samba. Thanking you Deepak _____________________________________________________________ Get your own OYE ID at http://www.oye91.com

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Re: [ILUG-BOM] Newbie needs help
by Amish Mehta 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Hello, >When I start my netscape prowser on linux box It is unable to open the localhost whose domainname is loaclhost.localdomain > >I am able to http:// to my win machine running PWS but not telnet http:// or ftp to linux box I guess you are talking about http://localhost or http://127.0.0.1. > >How do I do this.. You need to have apache web server(httpd) running your machine. You can do it by using linuxconf and/or ntsysv. Where you can enable wu-ftpd, telnet too for ftp access to linux box. Tip: You might want to use ssh instead of telnet. > >Do I need to install samba. I dont think you need samba atleast for this. Amish.

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RMS Lecture!!! (OT)
by Kompalli SuryaPrakash 18 Jul '01

18 Jul '01

Hi There, The lecture today was really nice!!! We Luggers missed Nagarjun and Philip - It was a very nice and successful effort on part of all the organisers. Bye, SP Pls. note: - My Email ID has changed from ksuryap1(a)yahoo.com to neosurya(a)yahoo.com --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.Using AVG antivirus Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.264 / Virus Database: 136 - Release Date: 7/2/01 _________________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com

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Re: [ILUG-BOM] Organised Q-A session (was: craps not allowed)
by Nikhil Karkera 17 Jul '01

17 Jul '01

------------- Original Message -------------- "Harshal Patil" <harshal1234(a)sify.com> wrote: after attaining Stallem's lecture i think there were some people in that hall, who will newer understand the meaning of that "free". nomatter how well you explain them it's all in vien. ----------------- End ---------------------- Firstly, many thanks to everyone involved in organising this rare experience, and doing it well. However, the Question-Answer session produced some unwanted (and embarassing) moments. That is always the case when the lecture is open and the audience not properly aware of the subject and the speaker. What we did in our college during such lectures was to let the audience submit their questions on a piece of paper during the lecture (or after), to the organisers. Then filter out repeats, or unnecessary questions, and have one of the organisers read out the questions at the end. The RMS lecture is over now, but maybe this is what can be done for future such lectures. The Return of RMS perhaps? ;) Regards, Nikhil. ____________________________________________________ http://www.monsterindia.com - The Best Jobs. For the Best Minds.

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RE: [ILUG-BOM] Licence for using Linux
by dodobh＠nettaxi.com 17 Jul '01

17 Jul '01

noel seq spewed into the ether: >I would like to know what are the licences that i will have to purchase. Can >i install Linux from my chip cd / PCQ cd which i have with me. Will i have >to purchase a cd for my co as well as my sister co. Yes. you can use PCQL, or the chip CD. One CD set will be enough. You don't need to buy additional CDs. >AS of now i am using linux installed from PCQ cd on my terminal and on my >proxy, mail server. > >Also, I need some advice for the programs that i will need to replace my >mail client, browser, etc, how to use foxpro under linux, etc. Mail clients: Kmail, Mutt, Netscape Mail, Mozilla mail, Balsa, Pine, ....... Browsers: Netscape, Konqueror, Lynx, Links, Mozilla, Opera, ........ Dunno about Foxpro, maybe you will have to use DOSemu. Or you could change to a full fledged database like Postgres/MySQL. Devdas Bhagat -- Its impossible to make anything foolproof because fools are so ingenious. >Thanks in advance. > >Noel >_________________________________________________________________________ >Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. > >_______________________________________________ >Richard Stallman's Public Lecture 5pm 17th July, at TIFR. >Linuxers mailing list >Linuxers(a)mm.ilug-bom.org.in >http://mm.ilug-bom.org.in/mailman/listinfo/linuxers ------------------------------------------------------------ Shop Smart Compare Prices on Name-Brand Products from Name-Brand Stores!! http://www.smartshop.com/cgi-bin/main.cgi?ssa=4099

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RE: Re: [ILUG-BOM] (no subject)
by dodobh＠nettaxi.com 17 Jul '01

17 Jul '01

Satya spewed into the ether: <snip> ># echo "Blame Devdas for what happens next"|wall ># shutdown -h now Shutdown does a wall, or equivalent by itself. #shutdown -h now "Blame Satya for using two commands instead of one" Devdas Bhagat ------------------------------------------------------------ Shop Smart Compare Prices on Name-Brand Products from Name-Brand Stores!! http://www.smartshop.com/cgi-bin/main.cgi?ssa=4099

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RMS Visit.
by dinesh＠indiamail.com 17 Jul '01

17 Jul '01

Hi All, There is change of schedule. Lug members will be meeting RMS during Lecture only... Plans for welcomeing him at Airport is still on so those who plan to come to Airport pls come by 1:00am Tuesday (Monday mid-Night) with ur creative play cards... and ofcourse the winner will win the dinner with RMS on 18th. (Dinner is hosted by RH India and its Invitation only Dinner... Pls refer Parag's earlier mail) HTH with regards -- --Dinesh Shah :-) Shah Micro System dinesh(a)indiamail.com http://dineshah.tripod.com Mobile: 98213-11906

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Meeting with RMS
by dinesh＠indiamail.com 17 Jul '01

17 Jul '01

Hi Everyone, As per schedule RMS will be arriving on tomorrow morning 1.00 am. To give him a warm welcome we would like people to come to the airport with ingenious and creative play cards. Those who are planning to come please reach the International Airport by 12.30 mid-night today. The person with the most creative slogan will win a lunch with RMS at TIFR on Tuesday. Also all members are welcome to attend the meeting with RMS at TIFR at 12:30 pm on Tuesday. This is specially planned meeting for LUG members to have closer interaction with RMS. Also the public lecture of RMS is at TIFR Auditorium at 5.00 pm as planned and everybody in request to be there in time. HTH With regards, -- --Dinesh Shah :-) Shah Micro System dinesh(a)indiamail.com http://dineshah.tripod.com Mobile: 98213-11906

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Pine - II
by Philip S Tellis 17 Jul '01

17 Jul '01

Making effective use of Pine - II ================================= The last time we learnt how to use different mail headers in pine, and I hope you've built up a sizeable address book. Today we'll learn how to use this address book effectively. We'll also learn how to create our own mail headers to maybe be a little naughty. To start with, let's compose a mail to someone in our address book. Enter your address book, and scroll down to the person you want to compose a mail to. If your list is too long, you could always use the Where Is command (W or Ctrl+W) to find it. Press C to compose a mail to this person, and voila, you're in compose mode with the person's email address in the To: field. At this point, it is probably important to understand when one uses Ctrl+access key and when just a plain access key will do. A little thought provides the answer. The only places where Ctrl is required, are where the access key on its own would be valid input. For example, in the mail header, pressing R would just give us the letter R, which is why we needed to use Ctrl+R for the Rich Header. In the main menu, the only keys we press must be access keys, so the Ctrl isn't required. In general, Ctrl will work everywhere, while plain access keys only work where they wouldn't be valid data input. Ctrl+W has some special searches too. If you search for Ctrl+Y, you will end up at the first line of the current section. Similarly, Ctrl+V takes you to the last line. Ctrl+W a second time takes you to the start of the paragraph, while Ctrl+O takes you to the end of the paragraph. Ctrl+T takes you to any line that you specify. We now know one way of composing a mail to a person. What happens if we are already in compose mode, and don't remember the address of the recipient? We could always use his nickname, but what if we don't remember that either? What if we want to send mail to multiple recipients? Well, the only way to figure it out is to actually try it. Get into compose mode, and move to the To: field. Have a look at the menu down below. You'll notice Ctrl+T takes you to the Address Book. This is similar to the attachment case where it took you to the file list. Press Ctrl+T, and you get to the address book where you can select the recipient's address. But we still aren't able to mail multiple recipients. It's too much of a pain to have to type Ctrl+T and scroll through the list for every recipient. There must be an easier way, and in fact, there is. Well, press L in the address book, and voila, checkboxes beside every entry. Use X to select or de-select any entry. When you're done, use S to make the selection, or use E to exit the list without making any selections. A special select all can be done using A. This is a toggle key, so it also undoes what it just did. Keep these commands in mind, because they are the same for all lists, including newsgroups. Now, let's look at creating distribution lists in our address book. Get into your address book, and add a new entry. Enter the nickname, and full name fields. Since we're creating a distribution list, we'll use the convention of appending -list to the nick. We'll make a list of close friends and call it friends-list. In the name field, enter `My Friends'. Now, come down to the Addresses field, and type in the nicknames of all your close friends as you have them in your address book. Save the entry. You might have noticed that the Fcc field showed up here as well. This is where you can specify a default fcc for a specific person or list. All mails sent to this person will be fcc'ed in that folder. If left blank, the default is used. The comment entry is just an internal comment meant for your use. Pine does nothing except store this comment. Now, get back to the compose screen, and enter friends-list in the To: field. Notice what happens when you move to the next field. Delete all the entries in the To: field. To delete a line in pine, use Ctrl+K anywhere. The current line is deleted. Use Ctrl+U to `Uncut' or paste the cut line to the current cursor position. Many versions of pine allow you to cut and uncut multiple consecutive lines simultaneously. Pine does not provide a copy to clipboard function, but a single cut may be uncut multiple times to simulate this. Now, move down to the Lcc: field and type friends-list. See what shows up in the Lcc and To fields. Your To field would have to have been empty first for this to have shown up correctly. Type your mail as you like. To postpone your mail and continue with it later, use Ctrl+O. When you choose compose the next time, you will be prompted to continue your postponed message. Saying no here will not cancel that message. To cancel any message, you must be in compose mode for that message, and type Ctrl+C. Be careful though, because Ctrl+C is right next to Ctrl+X, which is used to send the mail. A careless person could cancel a long mail by accident. Pine always prompts you for confirmation before sending or cancelling a mail, so you have time to check what you are about to do. Finally, let's look at creating our own mail headers. Go to the main screen, and enter set up. We want to set up certain pine configuration features, so select Config from the list. You'll see a lot of configurable options, and you may want to experiment with a few of them. For now though, we want to look for an option called customized-hdrs. Search for this using the search access key. You do remember what that was don't you? Press enter on this option to begin editing it. You can type in your own headers here. Be careful though, because there are many headers that have special meaning to mail servers and clients. We'll use what are known as eXtension headers. They start with an X-, and have no special meaning. Anyone can make up their own and use it anywhere. Type X-Joke: and press enter. You can enter a list of headers using commas to separate them. Now, when you are in compose mode, and you use Ctrl+R, you'll also find X-Joke: showing up there. You can type in the joke for the day and send the mail. Smart recipients will figure out how to read this and commend you on your brilliance (you wish). Wouldn't it be great though, if we could specify the default value of our X-headers? Well, turns out we can. Go back to the customized-hdrs, press enter, and after the X-Joke: enter `X-Men: there's more of them'. Without the quotes of course. Then, this header will go out on all mails you send. Even if you don't use Ctrl+R. That's it for today. Before next time, you should probably read through the help on whatever you can. Experiment with options. Ctrl+G or ? gets you help in most places. Check help on options we've already tried. Next time we'll look at setting configuration options for best performance. -- I filled out an application that said, "In Case Of Emergency Notify". I wrote "Doctor"... What's my mother going to do? -- Stephen Wright Visit my webpage at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/ Read my writings at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/writings/ MSN philiptellis Yahoo! philiptellis

1 0

simple alternative to rename()
by Shahed Ali 17 Jul '01

17 Jul '01

Hi, I have a C program which calls rename() However, it tries to rename a file from a filesys on one device to one on another, and this results in errno=18. Is there a func that can do this ? I can of course copy the file and unlink it, but I just wanted to know if there was a utility function in linux to already take care of this. Thanks Shahed.

2 1

(no subject)
by Dinesh Shah 16 Jul '01

16 Jul '01

Hi, We are planning to post a daily mail summarizing one Linux command, targeted towards an average Linux user. for this we are classifying most Linux commands in three categories. 1. Most used commands (most ppl know about them anyway, e.x. 'ls'). 2. lesser used commands (ppl use them sparingly and many ppl don't know about them e.x. 'wget'). 3. rarely used commands (most ppl even don't know about them e.x. 'wall', 'write'). Pls post ur views with respect to usefulness, relevance and any other suggestions and ideas. Also suggest which category u want the most and and which category the least... HTH with regards, -- --Dinesh Shah :-) Unitek.com dineshs(a)unitek.com AIM ID: ShahSyst Yahoo ID: dinesh1966(a)yahoo.com Mobile : 98213-11906

10 13

CCNA training
by Kunal Jhunjhunwala 16 Jul '01

16 Jul '01

Hi. Does anyone know of any good training centers for the CCNA certification? Preferably town side. Kunal

2 1

[News] .Net for the Penguin
by Manish Jethani 16 Jul '01

16 Jul '01

Ximian Announces Open Source Initiative to Develop a Linux Platform for .NET http://www.ximian.com/newsitems/mono_announce.php3 Miguel de Icaza, Ximian CTO and president of the GNOME Foundation, ``believes that .NET is going to be the dominant development environment for the next 20 years.'' Manish -- You can't start worrying about what's going to happen. You get spastic enough worrying about what's happening now. -- Lauren Bacall

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